• a change in direction of the bridge to prevent an evil spirit following you across the bridge;
• massed rock to reflect the (mountainous) Chinese scenery;
• the use of small rocks and plants to depict classical Chinese scenes;
• grouped tree planting to imitate woodland;
• the placement of bamboo in front of white-washed walls to capture its outline in shadow in Winter;

• the use of pretty stone pieces inside the entrance of a house to welcome the visitor.

Classical Chinese garden design was later built upon and modified by the Japanese people to reflect their own culture.